Inflammatory Bowel Disease :: Crohns Disease

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disorders that cause inflammation or ulceration in the small and large intestines. Most often IBD is classified as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease but may be referred to as colitis, enteritis, ileitis, and proctitis. Ulcerative colitis causes ulceration and inflammation of the inner lining of a couple of really bad places, while Crohn's disease is an inflammation that extends into the deeper layers of the intestinal wall. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease cause similar symptoms that often resemble other conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colitis). The correct diagnosis may take some time. Crohn's disease usually involves the small intestine, most often the lower part (the ileum). In some cases, both the small and large intestine (those really bad places again) are affected. In other cases, only the SUPER really bad place is involved. Sometimes, inflammation also may affect the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, appendix, or some nasty sounding word. Crohn's disease is a chronic condition and may recur at various times over a lifetime. Some people have long periods of remission, sometimes for years, when they are free of symptoms. There is no way to predict when a remission may occur or when symptoms will return.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most common symptoms of Crohn's disease are abdominal pain, often in the lower right area, and diarrhea. There also may be rectal bleeding, weight loss, and fever. Bleeding may be serious and persistent, leading to anemia (low red blood cell count). Children may suffer delayed development and stunted growth. What Causes Crohn's Disease and Who Gets It?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many theories about what causes Crohn's disease, but none has been proven. One theory is that some agent, perhaps a virus, affects the body's immune system to trigger an inflammatory reaction in the intestinal wall. Although there is a lot of evidence that patients with this disease have abnormalities of the immune system, doctors do not know whether the immune problems are a cause or a result of the disease. Doctors believe, however, that there is little proof that Crohn's disease is caused by emotional distress or by an unhappy childhood. Crohn's disease affects males and females equally and appears to run in some families. About 20 percent of people with Crohn's disease have a blood relative with some form of inflammatory bowel disease, most often a brother or sister and sometimes a parent or child. How Does Crohn's Disease Affect Children?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women with Crohn's disease who are considering having children can be comforted to know that the vast majority of such pregnancies will result in normal children.

The Ideas of the Classical Theorists, Particularly

The ideas of the classical theorists, particularly those of bureaucracy and scientific management, are generally considered as rather old fashion and out of date, and of little relevance to work and organization today. Is this really the case? The classical theory is the earliest form of management that perceived that a set of universal principles would apply to all the organizations in all situations to achieve efficiency and organization's goals. co.uk/nursing-scientific-management-and-frederick-taylor/">Scientific management and bureaucratic theory were one of the several components of the classical school of organization.Important pioneers among them are Frederick Taylor and Max Weber. The classical theories have been contested of little relevance to work and organization today simply because today’s organizations have moved from industrial revolution to the information age due to the fast-paced change in technology (Toffler, 1984). Although bureaucracy has been synonymous to red tape and has negatives effects such as â€Å"rigidity, alienation and low commitment† (Adler, 1999, p. 7) and dehumanizing people (Grey, 2009), the characteristics of bureaucracy such as specialization, hierarchy of authority, system of rules and impersonality (Stewart, 1986) as well as evidence of ongoing existence of this management method, bureaucracy is proved to remain noteworthy. This essay will examine the situation presented in organization today, and determine whether bureaucracy and scientific management can be considered as old fashioned, out of date and of little relevance to work and organization today.With the broad set of powerful economic, social and technological changes – greater competition, globalization of production, rising demand for innovation, new forms of information technology and wide change in customer preferences have concluded that the days of stable structures of bureaucratic models are over. According to Warren, he concluded tha t there was no longer the stable business environment which bureaucracy exists, resulting in the rigid and formal rules of bureaucracy to be obsolete (Knights and Willmott, 2006). Like dinosaurs, mechanistic organizations are doomed and the days of post-bureaucracies have arrived† (Du Gay, 2005). With an increasing growth in knowledge-intensive sectors, for example consultancy companies, law and accounting firms, advertising agencies, research-and-development and IT companies, the need for flexibility and capacities for creative action has become more important than narrow efficiency (Karreman, Sveningsson and Alvesson, 2002).These knowledge-intensive firms are performing tasks that are more complex than before, making it more challenging to convert them into standardized work procedures and regulations, which make bureaucracy model become less relevant to work today. Supported by Mr Paul, who was the Vice-Chairman of Wipro from 1999 to 200, â€Å"IT service companies need a fundamental redesign. The bureaucracy is killing customer satisfaction† (Narasimhan, 2011). At the same time, it suggests employees demand for more flexibility and autonomy, rather than simply following orders and rules.However, studies show that knowledge-intensive companies are becoming more bureaucratic in their operations. In the case of Beta Consulting Company, â€Å"authority is seen practiced through hierarchy, work methodology is standardized and work procedures are fine-tuned towards predictability of outputs† (Karreman, Sveningsson and Alvesson, 2002). Since the 1970s, there is also an alleged shift from â€Å"industrial† to â€Å"post industrial† era, from mass production of standard products to short products for the niche markets.For example, the Apple IPhone demonstrates a shorter production run such as a new version of the IPhone is released every year (Smith, 2011). Post-bureaucracy is proposed as a new organizational model which is more ap propriate to today’s business environment in a sense that it is based on trust, empowerment, personal treatment and shared responsibility. A flatter and organic structure of post-bureaucracy is fundamental to allow employees to be more creative and capable of adapting themselves to the variety of new problems faced in today’s competitive environment.There is also a reduction in the level of hierarchy to allow employees to take greater responsibility, which in return increases job satisfaction (du Gay, 2005). On the contrary, greater responsibility can actually cause greater stress for employees, as they now no longer have the same level of protection that bureaucracies can provide. Nevertheless, the idea-type of post-bureaucracy also imposes problems such as lost of control, risk and unfairness (Knights and Willmott, 2006). The claims of the death of bureaucracy and the emergence of Post-Bureaucracy are further debated.Evidence of bureaucracy model is shown in George R itzer’s McDonaldization. Ritzer defines McDonaldization as, â€Å"the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world† (Ritzer, 2009, p. 4). The fast-food industry is the paradigm of McDonaldization and reflects on the instrumental rationality that Weber identified. In this case, the success of McDonald’s restaurants has been noticeable up till today and is because it offers consumers, workers and managers â€Å"efficiency, calculability, predictability and control† (Ritzer, 2009, p. 6). It provides convenience for the customer in today’s fast-paced environment and customers are ensured similar taste, quantity and quality to whichever restaurant they go. McDonald’s has also shown great evidence of the continuing use of Taylorism techniques for measuring, timing and evaluating work. One of the main aspects of scientific management that McDonald’s have implemented into their business is the Fordist management style where everyone works according to an assembly line. Fordism has been called â€Å"Taylorism plus the assembly line† (Rosenberg, 1969).During the days of Ford Motors, Henry Ford implemented the fordist model in the car-manufacturing firm, and McDonald’s have distinctly adapted this idea into their corporate culture. For example, the company has designed all of its food chain branches in such a style that employees do not have to take more than two steps to complete their task. Further evidence suggesting that Taylor’s ideas have been implemented would be for example, the importance of creating the best worker for the job, through the division of tasks and specialization among workers.The method in which McDonald’s for example, create their hamburger is a form of deskilling and division of task, by simplification of a task; first grilling the burger, putting in other ingredients, adding sauce, placing them onto bread roll and then wrapping it up. From this, a break down of job task and having each individual to do specific steps improves efficiency. Other aspects such as cooking times, drinks dispensers and french fries machines are used to limit the time needed to complete a task, hence showing aspects of scientific management (Jozzo1000, 2007).Without this management style, McDonald’s probably would not be in such dominant and efficient position in the market. However, the McDonaldization system has been heavily criticized. Despite the effect of Taylor’s scientific management on the workplace has increased productivity while replacing skilled craftsman with unskilled workers, it reduces workers to automatons. Individuals equipped with advanced skills are limited to highly simplified tasks and hence restricting them from living up to their human potential. It also assumes workers are satisfied by money alone.Frederick Herzbergâ⠂¬â„¢s two-factor theory has successfully supported this view. Herzberg developed a theory that contradicted Taylor’s ideas as he developed â€Å"job enrichment†. Herzberg stated that there are two factors that could motivate an individual, Hygiene and Motivator. Hygiene factors once fulfilled will remove job dissatisfaction but will not motivate. In order to motivate, the motivation factors must be fulfilled. This goes against Taylor’s ideas of workers are motivated primarily by salary as Herzberg’s analysis proved that money is not a motivating factor (Brooks, 2009).More criticisms such as in McDonald’s, tasks are repetitive and boring and hence employees are not motivated to do their job enthusiastically. Under those circumstances, it ignores the social and psychological needs of the employees, which in fact exert powerful influences workers behaviours. However, comments drawn from employees working experiences in McDonalds stated otherwise. A c rew member, Michaela said, â€Å"Doing work experience at McDonald’s made a big difference to how I approached things outside of work as well. Working on the till I learnt to make eye contact with people and speak clearly and with confidence; invaluable skills. And it can be further argued that employees do feel motivated working at McDonald’s. â€Å"Working at McDonald’s changed my outlook and made me a more motivated person†, said Umair, a crew trainer (McDonald’s Corporation, 2011). The McDonaldized system is not only seen within the fast-food industry, but also fast growing in call centres, an indication of the relevant bureaucracy model which is also known as â€Å"customer-oriented bureaucracy† (Du Gay, 2005, p. 98). One of the features of call centres is the focus on the standardization of the service encounter.A script is provided for call handlers to follow when talking on the phones. Supervisors regularly check on call centre staf f, listen in on calls to monitor the accuracy and general performance of the call handlers which managers are in fact keeping them under control. Taylor’s idea of payment method have also been successfully implemented such as call centre staffs are given a basic wage and then commission for every sale and if they meet their daily or weekly targets, they are given additional bonuses (Health ; Safety Executive, 2003).The technology offered today had in fact gradually made organizations become more bureaucratic and rationalized. For instance, Amazon had significantly shown to be a highly structured and highly rationalized organization in today’s competitive world. According to Valdez, â€Å"every item is scanned and logged on computers at every stage – knows who touches what† (Barkham, 2011). Staff working in the warehouse is in point of fact being controlled by the technology used today, which aid to the control of managers over workers.Furthermore, the war ehouse processes are simplified to prevent any human error. In short, aspects of scientific management are seen in its day-to-day warehouse operations with the aid of technology. According to Weber, bureaucracy is the most rational form of management. Despite the advantages bureaucracy offers such as efficiency and predictability, beneath the rational system lays the irrationality of rationality. People are dehumanized as they are being treated as machine like â€Å"cogs in a well-oiled machine† (Kast and Rosenzweig, 1979).In addition, â€Å"Instead of remaining efficient, bureaucracies can become increasingly inefficient† (Ritzer, 2009, p. 29). For example the case of IKEA, in terms of efficiency, it offers one-stop furniture shopping with a wide range of products. Furniture sold is unassembled, and customers are required to reassemble the parts themselves when they get home. Yet there are a variety of irrationalities associated with the rationality of IKEA, most nota bly the poor quality of most of its products. Although furniture is supposedly easy to assemble, many are more likely to think of it as impossible-to-assemble† (Ritzer, 2009). Besides the issue about irrationality of rational system, the â€Å"iron cage† of rationality is drawn into further concern. Weber views bureaucracy as a cage, in a sense that people are trapped in them without their basic humanity. The fear for that bureaucracy would grow more and more rational and will dominate an increasing number of sectors of society which â€Å"society would eventually become nothing more than a seamless web of rationalized structures; there would be no escape† (Ritzer, 2009, p. 30).A good example will be a 30 days Europe package tour. Bus travels through only the major cities in Europe, allowing tourists to view and take pictures of sights in the time allowed and then hop on to the next city. With the rationalization of even their recreational activities, people are in fact seen to be living in the iron cage of rationality, treating themselves like machines (Ritzer, 2009). Lastly, it is argued that bureaucracy ignores the substantive rationality and do not care about ethics and moral, they are about getting the task done as quickly as possible.The Holocaust case illustrates a good example that the bureaucratic practice made the Holocaust instrumentally rational while, not being substantively rational. Almost everyone will agree that the Holocaust practice of the massacre of a race of people is irrational, yet the fact that instrumentally rational methods could be applied to it, it exhibits the moral blindness of bureaucracy (Knights and Willmott, 2006). However, Du Gay argued otherwise. Bureaucracy do embodies an important ethic that is fairness.Such as bureaucracy does not care about employees’ gender or culture background but only cares about the basis of experience and qualifications since this is what will be most efficient. It is sa id to safeguard against discrimination. Given these points, bureaucracy embodies rather than ignore the moral and ethics (Du Gay, 2005). Indeed, bureaucracy like any other styles of management, inherently has both negative and positive effects, however some major aspects of bureaucracy and scientific management are still currently being successfully implemented in work and organizations today.Especially to those characterized by large-scale size, routine tasks and to those performance of which is essentially and vitally relies on high degree of hierarchy and formalization of bureaucratic form. Furthermore, the advancement in technology aid in the aspects of using scientific management in organizations today. Good examples will the fast-food industry and manufacturing industry. Nevertheless, in today’s highly competitive business industry, organizations need to increase their level of effectiveness through innovation and motivation of its employees at all levels.In order to ha ndle the growing market demand for constant innovation, a reduction of management structure might be necessary. Yet the core features of bureaucracy such as formalization, hierarchy, rules, staff expertise, conformance and clear accountability remain without doubt essential for organizations to deal with increasing competition. Therefore, to conclude, the classical school has withstood the test of time as it is still relevant to work and organization today. (2200 words) References Adler, Paul S. (1999) Building Better Bureaucracies. Academy of Management Executive, 13(4), pp. 6-49. Barkham, Patrick (2011) Amazon warehouse gears up for Christmas rush on Cyber Monday. The Guardian, [online] 1 December. Available at: ;http://www. guardian. co. uk/technology/2011/dec/01/amazon-warehouse-christmas-cyber-monday/print; [Accessed 10 December 2011]. Brooks, Ian (2009) Organisational Behaviour. 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. du Gay, Paul (2005) The Values of Bureaucracy. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Grey, Chris (2009) A very short, fairly interesting and reasonably cheap book about studying organizations. 2nd ed.London: Sage Publications Ltd. Health ; Safety Executive (2003) Psychosocial risk factors in call centres: An evaluation of work design and well-being. [pdf] Sudbury: Health ; Safety Executive. Available at: ; www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr169. pdf ; [Accessed 28 November 2011]. Jozzo1000 (2007) McDonald’s Big Mac making. Available at: ;http://www. youtube. com/user/jozzo1000#p/a/u/1/eUvI2wE2YZk; [Accessed 28 November 2011]. Karreman, Dan. , Sveningsson, Stefan and Alvesson, Mats (2002) The Return of the Machine Bureaucracy?International Studies of Management ; Organisation, 32(2), pp. 70-92. Kast, Fremont Ellsworth and Rosenzweig, James Erwin (1979) Organisation and Management. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. Knights, David and Willmott, Hugh (2006) Introducing Organizational Behaviour ; Management. London: Thomas Learning. Mc Donald’s Corporation (2011) 2010/2011 Prospectus. [online] Available at: ;http://www. mcdonalds. co. uk/people/meet-our-people/meet-our-people. shtml; [Accessed 01 December 2011].Narasimhan, Balaji (2011) Bureaucracy hurting customer satisfaction, says Vivek Paul. The Hindu Business Line, [online] 11 November. Available at: ;http://www. thehindubusinessline. com/todays-paper/tp-info-tech/article2616005. ece; [Accessed 03 December 2011]. Smith, Josh (2011) iPhone 5 Release Date: What We Know and Potential Timeline. [online] Available at: ;http://www. gottabemobile. com/2011/08/23/iphone-5-release-date-what-we-know-and-potential-timeline/;[Accessed 03 December 2011]. Stewart, Rosemary (1986) The Reality of Management. 2nd ed. London: Pan Books.

Racial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination - 974 Words

For many years prejudice have been dominant throughout American history. Prejudice refers to a negative attitude toward and entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority, while discrimination refers to behaviors directly to an individual and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reason. (Schaefer, 2010) When people hear the word prejudice, they already know it’s a Black in society today. Our main goal is to remember how important it is that prejudice is a problem in society today, and it’s beyond race. For example, migration would be classified as a social conflict; especially if any citizens see that their lives will be threatened. When people are being prejudiced against others’ they have a biased belief about them or their cultural practices. Prejudices can be both positive and negative. On December 31, 2012 a Basic Data shows that 527,768 black males are in prison. (Golinelli, 2013) Prejudice would take an easily origin in America, and once it takes a hold it is hard to let it out. Racial minorities are more likely to be arrested than white Americans; once they are arrested, they would be convicted; and once that happen they would face more times than any other races. We all know that African-American are more likely to be in prison than any other races. The largest crime in the U.S. criminal justice system is based on race institution where black men are the main targeted in a more violent way than white people. Back here in 2007-2010Show MoreRelatedRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination1637 Words   |  7 Pagesreferencing the topic of racism and racial discrimination in today’s societ y, one of the biggest questions that still remain unanswered is as such: Why does racial discrimination still exist? What factors take place within the human mind that might cause feelings of hatred and bigotry? What can result from an individual using racially discriminating language? From times predating even the most notable case of as much, pre-Civil War United States American slavery, discrimination has existed in many differentRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesRacial discrimination is one of many terms used to express the suppression of a race or many races, but more specifically, it refers to the ill-treatment a person or group receives as a result of differences in their race, color, descent, national, ethnic origin or immigrant status. (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2016). Racial discrimination can be perpetrated by individuals within society, and corporate institutions such as schools, the work force and the government, all of which we have seenRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay2167 Words   |  9 PagesWhat It Means To Be A Student of Color The discourse regarding racial climate in schools across the nation has changed over time, from one of blatant acts of racism, as the Jim Crow Laws of legalized segregation, to what we consider today as covert racism; racism that is concealed within the fabric of society. The racial slights, stereotypes, and other types discrimination that People of Color experience are what are known today as racial microaggressions. Even though legalized segregation has longRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination859 Words   |  4 Pageshundred percent accurate. 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Between the ages of 3 and 6, they begin to understand and use stereotypes† (Pappas, â€Å"Young Kids Take Parents’ Word on Prejudice†)Read MoreRacism : Racial Discrimination And Prejudice1556 Words   |  7 Pagesfor everyone to be racist? Eventually, we have to change this cycle we will continue this ignorance. We should never allow reverse racism, this term is used to describe acts of discrimination and prejudice perpetrated by racial minorities or historically oppressed ethical groups against individuals belonging to the racial majority or historically dominant ethical groups, according to Wikiped ia. Apparently, â€Å"reverse racism does not exist and a person who claims otherwise is outing themselvesRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination During The 1920 S1585 Words   |  7 Pageshistory of segregation and discrimination that has long affected present policy. It is clear that racial minorities have been targets of this racial bias for years, and even after slavery was abolished, African-Americans continued to face the most racism due to the color of their skin. Thus, by looking at how John Franklin’s life experience as a boy scout during the 1920’s illustrates a small peek into the history of race and ethnicity in America, we can see how racial hostility, and the Anglo-SaxonRead More Prejudice and Racial Discrimination in America Essay2564 Words   |  11 Pagespower From African Americans when they most needed it. Even today it is diminished but not vanquished as linguistic and educational challenges combine with disagreements amongst those cal ling for integration to further stall our ability to achieve racial harmony. Hatred is an ancient evil that may yet be conquered through understanding. The place to begin is of course at the beginning, when first the white man came dominate and slander the African man. For our purposes this begins back in theRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Discrimination On Children s Self Esteem1891 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Racial prejudice and discrimination can negatively affect children’s self-esteem. In 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States enacted the Brown v. Board of Education to outlaw racial segregation from public schools in order to establish equality among children of different racial and ethnic backgrounds (Zirkel, 2005). However, racial prejudice and discrimination still exist within the educational system where children continue to experience these inequalities (Zirkel, 2005). ClarkRead MoreChristian Prejudice and Racial Discrimination of Marginalized in the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare3691 Words   |  15 PagesIn Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, there are quite a few cases in which the non-Christian characters are marginalized and victimized of Christian prejudice and absolute racism. The Christian prejudice and racial discrimination transpires through the use of language and terms of reference. In sixteenth-century Europe, Jews were a despised a nd persecuted minority. England, in fact, went beyond mere persecution and harassment by banning Jews from the country altogether. In theory at least, there

The Test On 99shape Dataset - 924 Words

which classified into nine classes, with eleven shapes in each. Shapes in the same class are in different variant form, including occluded, noised, rotated, etc. Other databases including MPEG-7 Shape Dataset [5], Articulated Dataset, Swedish Leaf Dataset and Brown Dataset are used to have further experiments. Similar to [13], Precision and Recall is used for benchmark for the reason of fair comparisons. C. Results and Discussion Table I shows the optimal result from test on 99shape dataset. The numbers of points we sampled from the shapes are 50, 50 and 25 for RSD, RAD and TF respectively. For the articulated dataset, 45, 35 and 45 points are sample for RSD, RAD and TF. Retrieval result on articulated dataset was presented in Table I. We have noticed that result on 99shape from RAD is slightly better than RSD, while on articulated dataset RSD performs slightly better than RAD. During the above experiment, we tried to normalize the descriptors and found that experiment on 99 shapes received little influence from normalization while result from articulated dataset has some improvement. From the Table I, our algorithm has a almost 100% correct classified rate for Human and Wrench. We noticed that the Airplanes class is of the lowest correct rate except for the top 3 ranks. And the hit rate declined rapidly which make it singled out from the Table I. The matching distance in this class is carefully investigated and the distance revealed that our descriptorsShow MoreRelatedStandardized Databases And Benchmarks For Experiment979 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent methods may have different assumptions on shapes. A commonly used database is 99shapes, by Kimia et al. It contains ninety nine planar shapes which classified into nine classes, with eleven shapes in each. Shapes in the same class are in different variant form, including occluded, noised, rotated, etc. Other databases including MPEG-7 Shape Dataset [5], Articulated Dataset, Swedish Leaf Dataset and Brown Dataset are used to have further experiments. Similar to [13], Precision and Recall is used

Essay on Horror Movies An Art Form - 463 Words

Ever since the advent of celluloid films, horror movies have always held a fascination for viewers. Just why do people pay good money to be scared out of their wits? Apart from its entertainment value, the horror movie satisfies certain primordial needs in man. Through the horror movies, one is able to come to grips with ones personal demons, fear of death and other irrational phobias and in the process achieve a catharsis. Far from being morbid, such movies actually affirm life for the movie-goer, for he is able to emerge from the dark into the light, both literally and figuratively, having explored the world beyond our normal perception as well as the deep recesses of the human soul and say, Its good to be alive. Horror†¦show more content†¦And that is the greatest fear of all. In the horror movie, however, death is not the be all and end all; it could be the start of a diabolical way of `life, as a vampire, zombie or a resurrected creature as in the case of Frankensteins creation. Such creatures are a travesty of life and their very presence serves to reaffirm our humanity and provide us with a catharsis for our fear of death, for there are worse things, after all. At the most basis level, horror movies are about the age-old fight between good and evil. At a deeper level, however, the beast within us is the evil that we have to conquer. This is exemplified in such movies of spiritual possession as The Exorcist and The Omen. A variation of the possession myth is the myth of transfiguration or metamorphosis. Dracula transfigure his victim with a bite; the full moon transforms a mere mortal into a lethal lycanthrope; a potion facilitates Dr Jekylls metamorphosis into the evil Mr Hyde. These monsters are a symbol of the duality of human and reflect mans constant struggle within himself. The horror movies of the past ten years of so have tended to be more violently graphic and visceral - a reflection of modern times, perhaps. Think of the blood and gore, of the violent deaths at regular intervals in such movies as the Friday the Thirteenth series, I KnowShow MoreRelatedChildren Who View Media Violence1133 Words   |  5 Pages1) In 1999 a study was done stating that fifty-two percent of children who watched horror movies/TV shows, would wake up in the middle of the night with night terrors. Another study was conducted in 2003, this time it was based off of psychology. AllPhsych Online, is an online classroom mostly focused on psychology, states that â€Å"children who view media violence are more likely to have increased feelings of hostility, decreased emotional response to the portrayal of violence and injury that lead toRead MoreHorror Movies Are All the same1163 Words   |  5 Pages Horror movies generally are all the same. They all have been based off of something that has already happened or a previous movie. Society has paid to be entertained by these gruesome stories that we all truly fear. Before movies, people would purchase books of similar traumatic events to read in their spare time for amusement. It has been said by the Filmmakers IQs horror film lesson (2012), that writers such as Bram Stoker created graphic novels that would grab the audiences attention forRead MoreEssay on The Art of Horror Films1194 Words   |  5 PagesHorror movies generally are all the same. They all have been based off of something that has already happened or a previous movie. Society has paid to be entertained by these gruesome stories that we all truly fear. Before movies, people would purchase books of similar tramatic events to read in their spare time for amusement. Writters such as Bram Stoker created graphic novels that grabbed peoples attention for years to come. But the horror movie, The House Of The Devil(1896), was noted as beingRead More The Blair Witch Project Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pagescat versions were made. Movies such as I Know What You Did Last Summer and Urban Legend all followed the same teen slasher format. Nothing is being left up to the movie viewer’s imagination anymore. Everything for the past thirty years was spelled out and given to the viewer, leaving the identity of the killer as the only form of mystery. The genre of horror was losing a very important battle. The bone-chilling movies of the past were giving way to the comedic teen movies of the present.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WithRead MoreDifferent Forms Of Entertainment For Many Different Types Of People1144 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many forms of entertainment for many different types of people. The two forms of entertainment that I would like to discuss are books and movies, both of which I love. Though both of these subjects have their differences, they also have similarities. Some of which we do not even think about. The purpose of this essay is not to persuade anyone to like books better than movies or visa versa, (even though my heart belongs to books) but to simply tell about their similarities and differencesRead MoreEssay about Apocalypse Now1649 Words   |  7 PagesApocalypse Now I have always enjoyed movies. But at some point I started to think of movies as more than just entertainment. I began to view them as a movie critic would, rather than just a casual viewer. Because of this perspective, I think of Apocalypse Now as one of the best American made movies I have ever seen. As a student of and an active participant in the late twentieth century media age, I feel justified in making this statement. In my lifetime of observation of American mediaRead MoreAlfred Hitchcock s Psychological Pressure, Mystery, And Wit1430 Words   |  6 Pagesintrigued the audiences of his day as well as audiences of the 21st century. These elements of Hitchcock’s films have also inspired the genre of horror films that many know well today. Alfred Hitchcock, known for the false accusations and incredible suspense in his movies, was an extremely successful director and influenced the movie industry with his unique form of film entertainment. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born in London in August of the year 1899. He was the youngest of three children in a CatholicRead Moredisadvantage of movie762 Words   |  4 Pagesan important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating or indoctrinating citizens. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer. However films have become popular worldwide attractions but for me, films are problems that cause social evils. There are several reasons why films cause social evils. First of all, adultery and premature sex in movies is one of theRead MoreThe Rise Of Special Effects Make Up1411 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom them. Every day was a new discovery and I could never get enough of it. As I grew older I strived to find that one art form that truly expressed me. It would be a long journey, filled with trial and error but I was more than ready for it. I was lucky to start my exploration at a young age. Starting early gave me time to excel and appreciate the different types of art forms out there. I was blown away with everything I tried and even got stuck on a few of them for years. No matter who I wentRead MoreThe Battle Of Algiers ( A Reenactment Of Algeria s Fight For Independence1328 Words   |  6 PagesAn imperative aspect of art is that it is open to interpretation and analysis. If the piece of art is significant, it will be thought or emotion provoking and uncensored. It is not the role of art take cautious steps in an attempt to leave its audience unoffended, but rather to embrace diversity of thought and creativity to portray untainted ideas. Filmmaking—being a form of art—follows the same guidelines and thus shapes society through its objectionable and often jarring subject matter. The Battle

Contemporary Indigenous Health Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Indigenous Health. Answer: Indigenous population living in remote communities suffer from poor health status and longevity as compared to other Australians, the imbalance is to be addressed by healthcare professionals by ensuring optimal quality care devoid of discrimination and injustice. Nurses play a significant role in the improvement of health and wellbeing of indigenous people, and they require both cultural respect and clinical skills to do so (Hunt et al. 2015). The RN Standards, UTS Graduate attributes, and Indigenous Graduate attributes guide decision making of nurses while caring for this section of the population. The present essay focuses on contemporary indigenous health and wellbeing from the nurses point of view and puts up a reflection on personal experience in this regard. The essay first highlights the assumptions made prior to providing nursing care for indigenous people. The second section of the essay reflects on personal experience using Gibbs reflection model. The consecutive part of th e essay puts forward an action plan based on the conclusion drawn from the reflection. The essay provides a logical conclusion to the comprehensive discussion. As a nurse, I understand that I am accountable for providing safe and high quality care to the patients presenting diverse health issues and concerns. In this regard, I would like to mention that I lacked a clear knowledge of the requisites of providing secured and culturally competent care to individuals belonging to the indigenous groups. Prior to delivery of care to the indigenous population, I had the assumption that I lacked adequate skills and knowledge imperative for caring for the indigenous population. I strongly felt that I was not well equipped and knowledgeable about the attributes one must possess while caring for the vulnerable population. At this juncture, I would like to highlight that I felt the need of addressing my inability to demonstrate appropriate skills while caring for an indigenous population. Communication, in my viewpoint, is the most crucial factor while a nurse is caring for a patient. I believed that I lacked effective communication skills that would en able me to care for patients from diverse backgrounds. According to Ramjan, Hunt and Salamonson (2016) nurses are to be aware of the differences in nonverbal and verbal communication needs of the indigenous and nonindigenous population. Further, they must appreciate the cultural and linguistic aspects of interactions demonstrated by this group. Recognizing chances of miscommunication is a crucial aspect that nurses must address while delivering care. Devitt et al. (2017) in this regard highlighted that nurses must understand the adverse consequences of communication breakdown when a patient is unable to express his viewpoints and opinions. Molloy (2017) pinpointed that effective health care communication between care providers and indigenous patients witnesses numerous challenges. These barriers are to be overcome at every stage by nurses in a competent manner. Prior to commencing CIHWB, I was apprehensive of the outcomes that were to be experienced as a result of caring for patients from the indigenous population. I was looking forward to translate my minimal skills and knowledge into practice. My aim was to learn from experiences and engage in professional development for future practices. I was hopeful that CIHWB would be a fulfilling experience, providing me the opportunity to determine my key strengths and weaknesses that I need to work on at an immediate basis. Coming to the next part of the essay, personal experience regarding CIHWB would be explained with the help of Gibbs reflective cycle. Reflective writing with the help of an established framework is a deliberate and active process of critically examining practice. A nurse is challenged to undertake the process of self-inquiry. Gibb's reflective cycle permits a systematic and structured analysis and reflection of any selected experience (McEwen Wills 2017). With this reflection, I would be able to look deep into my experience and feelings with successful interpretation of the same. The key events from CIHWB summer sessions pertained to experiences of patient care through which I got wide exposure to diverse, challenging clinical scenarios. These scenarios were significant to my continual learning process as a nurse for fostering professional development. We were provided with various opportunities to demonstrate our critical thinking skills and decision making ability. One particular scenario that was significant in this context would be explained in here. On my third day of CIHWB session I was placed at the recovery room where a 31 year old woman, Ms. G, was recovering from surgery due to elective termination of pregnancy. Upon investigating I came to know that the patient had an indigenous background, living in a remote town of the state. As a result she had language barriers in communication and needed an interpreter to communicate her needs and opinions. Preoperatively, she had an interpreter present to engage in effective communication; however, the interpreter was not present in the recovery period. When she gained consciousness after surgery she saw a 3-year-old boy admitted at the next bed to hers. This made her distressed and started crying. She appeared to have no clear understanding of English language and all the attempts to console her went into vain. I gave best efforts to calm her down and help her in gaining control over her feelings; however, she was not ready to comprehend. I felt that the patient was upset upon seeing the boy in the recovery room and went to get a mobile screen for separating Ms. G from the boy. This however made the situation worse as she became more upset. Realizing the importance of the situation I called the concerned personnel to request the interpreter to visit the recovery room as I was not able to reassure the patient due to the communication barrier. It was disturbing to find that the 3 year old boy was also upset. The interpreter arrived soon after and helped the patient to verbalize that the presence of the child made her feel depressed as she had undergone pregnancy termination. I felt helpless as I was not in a position to understand the reason behind the patients disturbed emotional front. I also felt guilty of not being able to reassure her and calm her down. Further, I felt sorry for the 3 year old boy who was very much distracted by the surrounding environment. I was also concerned that the patient felt isolated when the screen was placed and might have felt judged due to her reactions. At this point, it would be essential to evaluate the experience and understand the implication for indigenous healthcare practice. Ms. G was in a vulnerable position due to her surgery at the recovery room and required the elimination of communication barriers. Though I attempted to resolve the issue by placing the screen, it only added to the anguish and stress suffered by the patient. It was, however, a good decision to call the interpreter upon applying critical analysis skills. In this manner I had been able to provide the patient with safe and companionate care. Analysis of the experience would help in drawing key messages from the scenario. According to Piercey and Robinson (2017) nurses are to be culturally competent while caring from patients from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Communication is perceived as the most basic component of cross culture care and nurses must be considering all possible mean of eliminating language barriers. I feel that I should have considered calling the interpreter right after the patient was brought in the recovery room. Though I have attempted to resolve the situation my ability to care for the patient proved to be insufficient. Chang and Daly (2015) suggested that nurses must address their deficits for ensuring that cross cultural and communication differences do not arise. Use of translators and interpreters is the best aid in this regard. Based on the literature at the time of analysis, it is clear that it would have been appropriate if I had called the interpreter for reducing the anxiety, stress and emotional pain felt by the patient under my care. In my opinion, it was in concern of both the patients to place the screen between them. Scarcity of resources might not enable the presence of an interpreter at certain point of time, but as advocates of patients a nurse must ensure to act in the patients best interest. Reflection on the nursing scenario entails changes to be brought in future practice based on RN Standards, UTS Graduate attributes and Indigenous Graduate attributes. As per the NMBA RN standard 1, nurses must engage in therapeutic and professional relationships. Further, as per standard 6, nurses must provide safe, appropriate and responsive quality nursing practice (Daly et al. 2017). I would adhere to these two standards in my future professional practice. The UTS Graduate attributes focus on ensuring that the graduates are well-rounded professionals who are ready to make a place for them in the respective domain in future. These attributes include communication and collaboration, Indigenous proficiency, professional competence, critical thinking, and leadership. As a healthcare professional, I would ensure that I demonstrate all these skills in due course of my practice. As per the Indigenous Graduate attributes, a graduate is to communicate effectively and ethically within Indig enous Australian contexts. Abiding by this statement, I would focus on engaging in effective communication with my clients from an indigenous background. At the end of the essay, it is to be concluded that as a healthcare professional delivering care to indigenous people, I would engage work in a more focused manner. The care process of a nurse is to be informed by attributes designed for ensuring indigenous health and wellbeing. I felt this reflective essay has been highly valuable in guiding my future practice. There lies immense scope of applying the key insights taken from the reflective work that would help in future professional development. This would be further informed by key nursing practice standards and attributes. References Chang, E. Daly, J., 2015.Transitions in Nursing-E-Book: Preparing for Professional Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Daly, J., Speedy, S. Jackson, D., 2017.Contexts of nursing: An introduction. Elsevier Health Sciences. Devitt, J., Anderson, K., Cunningham, J., Preece, C., Snelling, P. Cass, A., 2017. Difficult conversations: Australian Indigenous patients views on kidney transplantation.BMC nephrology,vol. 18, no. 1, p.310. Hunt, L., Ramjan, L., McDonald, G., Koch, J., Baird, D. Salamonson, Y., 2015. Nursing students' perspectives of the health and healthcare issues of Australian Indigenous people.Nurse education today,vol 35, no.3, pp.461-467. McEwen, M. Wills, E.M., 2017.Theoretical basis for nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Molloy, L., 2017. Nursing care and indigenous Australians: An autoethnography.Collegian,vol. 24, no. 5, pp.487-490. Piercey, C. Robinson, M., 2017. Indigenous nursing workforce, to achieve equality in healthcare services.Australian nursing midwifery journal,vol. 24, no.9, pp.39-39. Ramjan, L., Hunt, L. Salamonson, Y., 2016. Predictors of negative attitudes toward Indigenous Australians and a unit of study among undergraduate nursing students: A mixed-methods study.Nurse education in practice,vol. 17, pp.200-207.

The Problem of Bullying

Bullying is primarily based on intimidation and fear. The victim is physically assaulted or psychologically tortured to bring him or her to submission. In most of the cases, bullying involves verbal intimidation, physical assault and psychological torture. Victims of bullying are usually physically weak, socially disadvantaged, or both.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Problem of Bullying specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since bullying takes various forms, it is not well defined by most laws (Ericson, 2001). However, it is obvious that most elements of bullying are criminalized in the United States. A person who is considered different among peers is likely to be a subject of bullying. While bullying is common among small children and teenagers, it is also found at the workplace. Supervisors and colleagues at the workplace may bully subordinates and other people who are not necessarily junior to them (Zapf E inarsen, 2001). For verbal, physical, or psychological abuse to qualify as bullying, it has to occur repeatedly (Rosenthal, 2008). The term bullying has is origin in Europe in the sixteenth century. It was associated with lovers, and particularly people who attempted to overprotect a target of their admiration. The first use of the term â€Å"bully† with its modern meaning was in the eighteenth century (Rosenthal, 2008). Since then, this term has been associated with repeated harassment or attack of a weaker person. When bullying continues into adulthood, the perpetrator is likely to be involved in crime. Most people who are bullies in their teenage years become criminals as adults, and are likely to be charged with assault and harassment in many cases. Childhood bullies may also propagate the vice as adults in their workplaces (Ericson, 2001). Some people use modern channels such as the internet to harass others by disseminating false or embarrassing information about their bullying victims. This is known as cyber bullying (Kowalski Limber, 2012). In California the senate has severally passed laws to deter bullying. Some of the bills passed recently in 2011 require all school administrations to deter bullying by developing and enforcing policies that protect schoolchildren from bullying. These laws were as a result of a suicide by a teenager known as Seth, who was harassed due to his unusual sexual orientation. Seth’s bullying continued due to the ignorance of his school’s administration and its failure to attend to the claims that the boy was a subject of overt bullying (Storey Slaby, 2008). Thus, Seth’s laws were designed to compel schools in California to modify their policies to cover gender and sexuality issues. A comprehensive state law on bullying was formulated and passed in 2003. This law covers all forms of bullying including harassment at the work place.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prior to Seth’s laws there was a vague definition of bullying laws in regard to sexuality. Seth’s case helped lobby for legislation of laws to protect people who could be easily targeted by bullies (Storey Slaby, 2008). Some states such as New Jersey are set to enact laws that will require schools to profile and report cases of bullying to the authorities (Storey Slaby, 2008). This will enable the authorities assess the prevalence of bullying incidences within the specific localities of their jurisdiction and react appropriately. While most states in the United States of America have laws to protect people from bullying, the federal government is yet to enact an anti-bullying law. In 1999 the state of Georgia was the first to pass an anti-bullying law. Since then, many states have followed suit by continuously passing anti-bullying laws (Zapf Einarsen, 2001). Although the federal government ha s never passed any laws specifically designed to counter bullying, some federal laws against harassment automatically criminalize some forms of bullying. Sexual harassment and physical harassment are criminal offenses in the United States according to the federal law. However, these laws may not cover cases of bullying among minors in schools. The reluctance of the federal government to enact such a law is because the particular legislation may be counterproductive. It is also possible for the enacted laws to contradict other regulations regarding the conduct of minors within learning institutions (Zapf Einarsen, 2001). While the legislature has made effort to pass laws against bullying in most states in the United States of America, the United Kingdom’s laws do not explicitly define bullying (School Amendment Act, 2011). In addition, there is no specific law intended to deter bullying as a defined offense. However, there are many laws that protect citizens from elements of bullying (Kowalski Limber, 2012). Some of the laws are universal, and are found in many countries around the world. Although the legislature in Britain has not passed anti-bullying laws, there are other institutions that have set regulations in order to minimize or eliminate bullying (School Amendment Act, 2011). This indicates that the United States of America is quite ahead of many other countries in enacting laws to protect children and adult citizens from any kind of harassment. Most societies consider bullying a usual occurrence among minors. Bullying is treated as a case of child delinquency or general indiscipline. While it is unacceptable to many parents, most guardians are lenient towards children who are bullies (Rosenthal, 2008). On the other hand, victims of bullying hardly report the problem to anyone. Although bullying is not considered a major social problem, it can be destructive to people, especially those people with special needs.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Problem of Bullying specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, bullying metamorphoses into a tendency to commit crimes in later stages of life, particularly for those children who are not deterred from engaging in it (Rosenthal, 2008). With the awareness campaigns that are going on in the United States and other countries, the society is finally realizing that bullying is a serious problem and responding to it appropriately. Bullying has always been there throughout history of humankind. It may not be possible to completely eliminate bullying especially among siblings who have to live together and share many things. However, bullying in schools and workplaces can be eliminated by civil education and enactment of laws to discourage perpetration of the vice. One unique aspect of bullying is that it does not arise from the common imbalances in the society. Bullying is caused by stigmatization of certain gro ups of people, often based on their natural characteristics. Characteristics such as sexuality, race, size, and mental ability are some of the things that lead to cases of bullying. Only education can change the perspective of people towards bullying. Legislation of laws to deter people from bullying others may not prevent them from doing so. Harassment can be so discreet that it is impossible for any law to define it. When certain people are stereotyped and avoided, it is impossible to accuse the bully of any wrongdoing. However, the bully is in a position to hurt his or her victim through such actions. This kind of harassment can only be stopped by education of the people to eliminate stereotypes in the society. References Ericson, N. (2001). Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying.  U.S. Department of Justice,  6(27), 5-7. Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. (2012).Cyberbullying bullying in the digital age. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Rosenthal, B. (2008).  B ullying. Detroit: Greenhaven Press.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More School Amendment Act, S. A. (2011, January 4). United Kingdom aAnti Bullying Laws.  BullyPolice.org. Web. Storey, K., Slaby, T. (2008). Eyes on Bullying . What Can You Do?.  IBM Global,  5(5), 5-14. Zapf, D., Einarsen, S. (2001).  Bullying in the workplace. Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press. This report on The Problem of Bullying was written and submitted by user Naomi Velazquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.